Emergency Standby Power Systems Pdf Download
1 Section 10: Emergency and Standby Power Systems Bill Brown, P.E., Square D Engineering Services Introduction Emergency and standby power systems are designed to provide an alternate source of power if the normal source of power, most often the serving utility, should fail. As such, reliability of these types of systems is critical and good design practices are essential. Code and standards A.) Classification of emergency and standby power systems The classification of emergency and standby power systems is as follows: Emergency Power System: Defined in IEEE Std 1 as an independent reserve source of electric energy that, upon failure or outage of the normal source, automatically provides reliable electric power within a specified time to critical devices and equipment whose failure to operate satisfactorily would jeopardize the health and safety of personnel or result in damage to property. The NEC 2 gives a slightly different definition for Emergency Systems as those systems legally required and classed as emergency by municipal, state, federal, or other codes, or by any governmental agency having jurisdiction. These systems are intended to automatically supply illumination, power, or both, to designated areas and equipment in the event of failure of the normal supply or in the event of accident to elements of a system intended to supply, distribute, and control power and illumination essential for safety to human life.
Standby Power System: Defined in 1 as an independent reserve source of electric energy that, upon failure or outage of the normal source, provides electric power of acceptable quality so that the user s facilities may continue in satisfactory operation. The NEC 2 divides standby power systems into two categories, as follows: Legally Required Standby Systems: Those systems required and so classed as legally required standby by municipal, state, federal, and other codes or by any governmental agency having jurisdiction. These systems are intended to automatically supply power to selected load (other than those classed as emergency systems) in the event of failure of the normal source. FPN: Legally required standby systems are typically installed to serve loads, such as heating and refrigeration systems, communications systems, ventilation and smoke removal systems, sewage disposal, lighting systems, and industrial processes that, when stopped during any interruption of the normal electrical supply, could create hazards or hamper rescue and fire-fighting operations. Optional Standby Systems: Those systems intended to supply power to public or private facilities or property where life safety does not depend on the performance of the system.
Optional standby systems are intended to supply on-site generated power to selected loads either automatically or manually. FPN: Optional standby systems are typically installed to provide an alternate source of electric power for such facilities as industrial and commercial buildings, farms, and residences and to serve loads such as heating and refrigeration systems, data processing and communications systems, and industrial processes that, when stopped during any power outage, could cause discomfort, serious interruption of the process, damage to the product or process, and the like. B.) IEEE Standard IEEE Standard, IEEE Recommended Practice for Emergency and Standby Power Systems for Industrial and Commercial Applications 1, is a general engineering reference for the design of these systems.
12 C.) The National Electrical Code The National Electrical Code 2 contains requirements for emergency systems in Article 700, Legally-Required Standby Systems in Article 701, and Optional Standby Systems in Article 702. In addition, Article 445 (Generators), 517 (Health Care Facilities), 665 (Integrated Electrical Facilities), and 705 (Interconnected Electrical Power Production Sources) are all of particular interest for emergency and standby power systems. The NEC 2 requirements for emergency and standby power systems are discussed in further detail below.
D.) NFPA 110 NFPA 110 3, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems, defines how emergency and standby power systems are to be installed and tested. It contains requirements for energy sources, transfer equipment, and installation and environmental considerations.
Emergency Standby Power Systems Pdf Download Windows 10
It divides emergency power systems into Types, Classes, and Levels. The Type refers to the maximum time that an emergency power system can remain unpowered after a failure of the normal source. The Types are listed in table 10-1 3: Table 10-1: NFPA 110 emergency power system types (essentially the same as 3 table 4.1(B)) Type U sec sec sec M Power restoration time Basically Uninterruptible (UPS Systems) Manual stationary or nonautomatic no time limit The Class of an emergency power system refers to the minimum time, in hours, for which the system is designed to operate at its rated load without being refueled or recharged. The Classes for emergency power systems are shown in table 10-2 3: Table 10-2: NFPA 110 emergency power system classes (essentially the same as 3 table 4.1(B)) Class Power restoration time hr. (15 min.) 2 2 hr. X Other time, in hours, as required by the application, code, or user. The Level of an emergency power system refers to the level of equipment installation, performance, and maintenance requirements.
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